It is to BR
Chopra's credit that he always attempted
to make socially relevant films, yet made
sure his films have always catered to popular
sentiment so that the message reached effectively
far and wide.
Baldev Raj Chopra was born in 1914 and
came to Mumbai from Lahore after the partition
of India, a victim of communal riots of
1947, his house having been burnt down.
Chopra initially edited a film journal Cine
Herald before turning to filmmaking.
His first film Afsana (1951) a tale
of mistaken identity with Ashok Kumar in a
double role was a commercial success and
BR Chopra was on his way.
With Ek hi Raasta (1956), a tale
about widow re-marriage, he launched his
production company BR Films. Success after
success followed - Naya Daur (1957),
Sadhana (1958), Dhool ka Phool
(1959) - his brother Yash Chopra's
directorial debut, Kanoon (1960),
Gumrah (1963), Waqt (1965)
- directed by Yash Chopra and Humraaz
(1967).
Perhaps Chopra's finest film is Naya
Daur, in which a traditional rural community
is threatened with modernism and mechanism,
Chopra perceives the latter as evil and
in the climax has his protagonist, a horse
carriage driver (Dilip
Kumar), defeat an automobile in a race
(with the help of a short-cut of course)!
But to his credit, Chopra carries it off
with flair. The film is a quintessentially
Nehruvian film that fitted in nicely with
the new initiatives in economic planning
and rural community development in the first
decade of Indian independence. Quoting a
review of the film in Filmfare, "A
powerful and vibrantly gripping picture,
BR Films' Naya Daur is a distinctly successful
combination of pertitent social education
and moral and top rate entertainment. The
production values especially Malhotra's
superb photography are impeccable."
The film was recently colourized and re-released
but failed to capture the magic of the original.
It must be said here that the colourization
was pretty bad and didn't exactly help the
cause of this otherwise timeless classic.
Chopra has also done several films that
were regarded as bold and ahead of their
time. He dared to try a songless film with
a hard-hitting suspense courtroom drama,
Kanoon; showed a woman resuming her
affair with her lover after she is married
in Gumrah; produced a film, Ittefaq
(1969), in which the heroine is an adulteress
and murders her husband with the help of
her lover and in Dhund (1973) a woman
married to a paralytic takes on a lover.
Of these special mention must be made of
Gumrah.
The film said to be inspired by Kamini Kaushal's
life when she had to marry her sister's
husband for the sake of the children when
the sister died suddenly even though she
was involved with Dilip Kumar, is a tale
of marital infidelity, showing a woman resuming
her romance with her lover after marriage,
as did Kaushal till her brother, a military
man, threatened Dilip Kumar with a pistol
and put an end to the affair. Gumrah equates the 'Lakshmanrekha' with the sacred
threshold of the home inside which lies
the safety of a happily married woman, the
true homemaker and the consequences of what
happens if she crosses the line and goes
astray or 'gumrah.' As the woman caught
between her husband and lover, Mala Sinha,
otherwise having a tendency to work herself
into hysterical, melodramatic histrionics
of the highest order, responds with perhaps
her career’s most effective and reined-in
performance.
However the ending of all these films are
in keeping with the more popular norms of
the day. The sanctity and purity of marriage
had to be preserved. Duty and sacrifice
had to take preference to matters of the
heart. So in Gumrah the woman finally
chooses to live with her husband, while
in Ittefaq the woman kills herself
as repentance.
Chopra continued to make films in the 1970s
and 80s and tasted big success with Insaaf
ka Taraazu (1980), and Nikaah (1982).
His son Ravi did try to keep the BR Banner
going but the films directed by him barring
a stray Aaj ki Awaaz (1984) have
not done particularly well at the box-office.
However Ravi and the banner made a grand
comeback when Baghban (2003), looking
at the travails of an elderly couple (Amitabh
Bachchan and Hema
Malini) who are let down by their children.
The follow up re-uniting the stars, Babul
(2006) was not successful, however.
Today BR Films has diversified into Television
and among other programmes has made Mahabharat,
based on the great Indian epic, which perhaps
was the most popular serial ever in the
history of Indian Television.
BR Chopra has for long been the Hindi Film
Industry's senior spokesman and was deservedly
awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for his
contribution to Indian Cinema in 1999.
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